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In Christian eschatology, the Four Last Things or four last things of man ((ラテン語:quattuor novissima)) are Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, the four last stages of the soul in life and the afterlife. They are often commended as a collective topic for pious meditation; Saint Philip Neri wrote, "Beginners in religion ought to exercise themselves principally in meditation on the Four Last Things." Traditionally, the sermons preached on the four Sundays of Advent were on the Four Last Things. The 1909 ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' states "The eschatological summary which speaks of the 'four last things' (death, judgment, heaven, and hell) is popular rather than scientific. For systematic treatment it is best to distinguish between (A) individual and (B) universal and cosmic eschatology". Pope John Paul II wrote in 1984 that the "judgment" component encompasses both particular judgment and general judgment. ==Books== Numerous theologians and Christian apologists have written on the Four Last Things; published accounts include: * ラテン語:''Cordiale quattour novissimorum'' (15th century) attributed to Gerardus de Vliederhoven and to Denis le Chartreux ; translated into French by J. Mielot and thence into English as by Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers in 1479〔Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-860634-6〕 * ''The Four Last Things'' (1522) by Thomas More; published posthumously * ''The Four Last Things: Death, Judgment, Hell, and Heaven'' (1631) by Robert Bolton; published posthumously in 1639〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mr. Boltons last and learned worke of the foure last things, death, iudgement, hell and heaven. With his assises-sermons, and notes on Iustice Nicolls his funerall. Together with the life and death of the authour : Bolton, Robert, 1572-1631 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive )〕 * ''The four last things : death, judgment, hell, heaven'' by Martin of Cochem〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The four last things : death, judgment, hell, heaven : Martin, von Cochem, 1634-1712 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive )〕 * ''Four Last Things'' (1649) by William Sheppard, whose preface supported the Rump Parliament against the Presbyterians * ドイツ語:''Sinnliche Beschreibung der vier letzten Dinge'' ("A Sensuous Representation of the Four Last Things") (1675) by Angelus Silesius * ''Four Last Things–Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell'' (1691) by William Bates * ("Devout musings on the four last things") (1714) by John Morgan * ''Thoughts upon the Four Last Things'' (1734) by Joseph Trapp * ''Four discourses on the four last things'' (1751) by Thomas Greene * ''The Four Last Things'' (1960) by Harry Williams Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange's フランス語:''L'eternelle vie et la profondeur de l'ame'' (1947) has been published in English as ''Life Everlasting: A Theological Treatise on the Four Last Things: Death, Judgement, Heaven, Hell'' (1991); however, the sections are "Soul immensity in our present life", "Death and judgement", "Hell", "Purgatory", and "Heaven". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four last things」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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